Security and Efficiency in Quantum Key Distribution - A Comparative Analysis of Modern QKD Protocols

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) addresses the critical challenge of unsafe key generation and ensures a secure communication channel by leveraging the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics. Unlike classical encryption methods, QKD provides an unbreakable security model by detecting any eavesdropping attempts through quantum state disturbances. This paper explores the security and efficiency of modern QKD protocols by analyzing their practical applications, theoretical foundations and comparative performance.