Transcriptome-based analysis reveals relationship between duck eggshell color and eggshell strength

Through transcriptome analysis, we identified key genes associated with eggshell color (ESB) (Gland: ABCG2, SLC51B; Liver: COX1, DIO3, RBPJ) and eggshell strength (ESS) (Gland: MAP3K5, PPARG, FKBP10; Liver: PHLDA1, FLT3, CACNB4). We propose that these genes regulate ESB and ESS by modulating antioxidant capacity and bile acid synthesis in the liver and shell gland, leading to enhanced biliverdin deposition and stronger eggshells in green-shelled ducks. Additionally, the upregulation of ion transport, transmembrane transport, and liver cell proliferation-related genes in green-shelled ducks further supports the observed superiority in eggshell strength.