Comparing the resilience objectives of Finnish comprehensive security model and the NATO baseline requirements for resilience

Abstract Finnish national preparedness is conceptualized in the comprehensive security model (CSM). It presents a cooperation model for Finnish security stakeholders: officials, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), companies, and citizens. The concept of resilience is sparingly used in Finnish strategy documents but is a major objective for North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), which Finland joined in 2023. NATO sets the minimum criteria for national preparedness in seven NATO baseline requirements (NBRs) of resilience. NATO considers resilience a national responsibility. This paper investigates to what extent the Finnish CSM covers the NBRs, and which stakeholders are entrusted with safeguarding them. A framework utilizing the seven NBRs and three stakeholder levels is developed. Recent Finnish Government level documents are used as the main source of data for the study, supplemented with expert interviews. The results suggest that the CSM covers all the NBRs. The CSM is also broader in scope than the NBRs. The two NBR categories, ability to deal with large-scale population movements and resilient civilian transportation systems , are not covered regarding the individual citizens’ level, but this is not deemed to be a major problem.