Real-time changes in brain activity during sacral neuromodulation for overactive bladder: evidence from functional near-infrared spectroscopy

We found abnormal deactivation of the FC in the PFC and left dorsolateral prefrontal lobe (BA9), which might lead to socially inappropriate involuntary urination and could be a central pathogenesis of OAB. SNM restored the functional connectivity in the left dorsolateral frontal lobe, the triangular part of the left inferior frontal gyrus, and the interior of the prefrontal lobe in patients with OAB, which may be one of the central mechanisms of SNM treatment for OAB. Our results may provide valuable insights into the central pathogenesis of OAB and the central mechanism of SNM treatment.