The Effect of Folic Acid Supplementation During Pregnancy on Infant Brain Health and Development: A Study in Cirebon District, Indonesia

This study investigates the effect of folic acid supplementation during pregnancy on infant brain health and development in Cirebon District, Indonesia. Folic acid is essential for preventing neural tube defects (NTDs) and supporting fetal brain development, yet adherence to supplementation guidelines remains variable, particularly in rural and underserved areas. The research aimed to evaluate the impact of folic acid intake on the incidence of NTDs, cognitive development, and neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism and ADHD, in infants born to mothers who followed recommended supplementation practices. The study employed a cross-sectional design, analyzing the health outcomes of 300 infants born between 2022 and 2023. Data were collected through interviews with pregnant women, medical records, and assessments of infant development. Results indicate a significant reduction in NTDs and improved cognitive function, motor skills, and developmental milestones in infants whose mothers adhered to folic acid supplementation guidelines. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of addressing cultural, socioeconomic, and access barriers to ensure effective supplementation practices. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting folic acid supplementation as a key strategy for enhancing prenatal and infant health. The research calls for stronger public health policies to improve the accessibility and adherence to folic acid supplementation programs, particularly in rural regions, to ensure optimal fetal brain development and long-term health benefits for infants.