Two‐Dimensional Polycyclodextrins for Strong Multivalent Host‐Guest Interactions at Biointerfaces
While 2D polymers with aromatic backbones have been increasingly receiving interest from various scientific disciplines, their nonaromatic counterparts are less investigated. In this work, 2D poly(β-cyclodextrin)s (2D-CDs) with few hundred nanometers to millimeters lateral sizes and 0.7 nm thickness are synthesized using graphene and boron nitride as colloidal templates and used for multivalent host-guest interactions with biological systems. Deposition of cyclodextrins on graphene and boron nitride templates followed by lateral crosslinking and template detachment resulted in 2D-CDs with different physicochemical properties. The size of the 2D-CDs is dominated by noncovalent interactions between cyclodextrins and templates. While an interaction energy of -224.3 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> at the interface between graphene and cyclodextrin led to few hundred nanometer 2D-CDs, boron nitride with weaker interactions (-179.4 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>) resulted in polymers with millimeters lateral sizes. The secondary hydroxyl groups of 2D-CDs are changed to sodium sulfate, and 2D polymers with the ability of simultaneous host-guest and electrostatic interactions with biosystems including vessel plaques and herpes simplex virus (HSV) are obtained. The sulfated 2D-CDs (2D-CDSs) show a high ability for virus binding (IC50 = 6 µg mL<sup>-1</sup>). Owing to their carbohydrate backbone, 2D-CDs are novel heparin mimetics that can be formulated for efficient inhibition of viral infections.
Authors
- Mohammad Nemati (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1146-4938)
- Marek Brzeziński (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7620-4438)
- Zahra Moazzami Goudarzi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9168-3932)
- Chuanxiong Nie (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7963-1187)
- Zainab Ahmadian (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2995-9373)
- Siamak Beyranvand (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6168-8193)
- Kai Ludwig (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6808-8107)
- Mahdieh Kalantari
- Chong Cheng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4637-1320)
- Angelo H. All (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7086-2170)
- Ievgen S. Donskyi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6181-4030)
- Mohsen Adeli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6895-8491)
- Reza Maleki (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5169-5848)
- Jürgen P. Rabe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0847-6663)
- Philip Nickl (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8693-4953)
- Zahra Mohammadi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9034-5111)
- Marzieh Rashidipour (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4024-765X)
- Mohammad Fardin Gholami
- Raúl Arenal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2071-9093)
- Fatemeh Yousufvand
- Fatemeh Shahverdi
- Özge Akkaya
Institutions
- Federal Institute For Materials Research and Testing (DE)
- Hong Kong Baptist University (HK)
- Sichuan University (CN)
- Universidad de Zaragoza (ES)
- Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IR)
- Lorestan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Lorestan University (IR)
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE)
- Fundacion Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigacion y el Desarrollo (ES)
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (ES)
- Centrum Badań Molekularnych i Makromolekularnych Polskiej Akademii Nauk (PL)
- Freie Universität Berlin (DE)
- Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Small
- Published
- 2025-04-27
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202412282
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.67
Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Iran National Science Foundation
- Iran Science Elites Federation