Oculo-orbital tumor pathologies in Niger: Epidemiological, clinical, histological and therapeutic aspects over a period of 8 years

Objective: To describe the epidemioclinical, therapeutic and histological particularities of oculo-orbital tumors at Zinder National Hospital (HNZ). Methodolgy: Descriptive study with retrospective data collection over a period of eight years (2015-2023). All patient records that had consulted the HNZ ophthalmology department for ocular tumor pathology with histopathological examination were included in the study. Incomplete records, pterygiums. Results: A total of 106 patient records with ocular tumours were collected. The male gender accounted for 81.82% with an average age of 19.27 years ± 14.15. The mean time to consultation was 4.99 years with a standard deviation of 6.16 years and extremes ranging from 10 months to 29 years. Exorbitism and leukocoria were the main reasons for consultation. Tumor involvement was mostly unilateral with more palpebral and retinal localization. Treatment consisted of lumpectomy, chemotherapy and enucleation. Histologically, the tumor was malignant in 52.83%, mainly represented by retinoblastoma, dermoid cyst and squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva. Conclusion: Oculo-orbital tumors pose a problem of management in our health facilities with limited resources. Retinoblastoma is by far the most common tumor pathology. Patients consult health facilities late for various reasons. Awareness-raising measures must be undertaken for the population but also for the administrative and customary authorities to support this care. Keywords: Oculo-orbital tumors, clinical, Histology, Niger, Zinder.