The Impact of Social Participation on the Health of Widowed Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study

With global aging and rising widowhood among middle-aged and older adults, promoting their health is an urgent public health concern. Using CHARLS data (2011-2018), this study applies OLS and mediation models to examine how social participation affects daily functioning and mental health among widowed individuals. Findings show that social participation reduces daily living difficulties and depressive symptoms. Mechanism analysis reveals these effects operate through healthier lifestyles and improved cognitive function. The impact is stronger for older and urban residents. Promoting social engagement may be an effective strategy to support the health and functioning of widowed older adults in China.