Genotype and Biofilm Patterns of Yersinia enterocolitica Isolated from Milk and Some Milk Products in Mansoura City, Dakahlia, Egypt

THE OBJECTIVE of the investigating the incidence rate, traits, virulence factor, and assessment of drug resistance of virulence Yersinia (Y.) enterocolitica that found in cow milk, sheep milk, milk powder, and infant formula was the goal of this study. Samples were collected between May and October 2024 from street vendors and well-known markets spread throughout Mansoura, Dakahlia, Egypt. 15 out of 150 samples (10%) tested positive for Yersinia enterocolitica in cow milk, sheep milk (50 samples each), milk powder, and newborn formula milk (25 samples each); the frequency was greater in milk powder (20%). According to estimates, significant phenotypic resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (100%), cefazolin (93.3%), and ampicillin (66.6%) were observed in Y. enterocolitica isolates. Interestingly, isolates with 11 distinct resistance profiles and 93.3% multidrug resistance were found. All Y. enterocolitica strains demonstrated the potential to produce biofilms, with ten strains exhibiting a moderate capacity and five additional strains exhibiting a weak capacity.The identification of Y. enterocolitica strains from milk as well as milk products that are presumably pathogenic suggests a risk to consumer safety, particularly because of the possibility of pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance, which need the use of control measures.