Impact of Silver Nanoparticles on the Effectiveness of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract Against Hepatorenal Toxicity of Lead in Male Rats

This study aimed to enhance drug delivery using silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) combined with Moringa Oleifera (M. Oleifera) extract to mitigate the adverse effects of conventional therapies and reduce lead acetate toxicity with minimal side effects. Fifty adult male albino rats were divided into five groups: Group I (negative control group); Group II (positive control group exposed to lead acetate); Group III (lead acetate + Ag NPs); Group VI (lead acetate + M. Oleifera); Group V (Lead acetate + Ag NPs + M. Oleifera). Biochemical parameters, including liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP), lipid profile (CHOL, HDL-c, LDL-c, TG), kidney function markers (BUN, CREA, UA), and oxidative stress indicators (GSH, SOD, MDA) were measured. Lead exposure significantly increased ALT, AST, ALP, TBIL, LDL-c, BUN, UA, CREA, IL-6, TNF-α, and LDH while decreasing ALB, HDL-c, GSH, SOD, and MDA. However, treatment with Ag NPs and M. Oleifera mitigated these alterations, restoring biochemical balance. Histological examination revealed severe liver and kidney damage in lead-treated rats, including hepatocyte degeneration, blood sinusoid dilation, and renal tubular necrosis. Treatment with Ag NPs and M. Oleifera significantly reduced these pathological changes, suggesting their protective effects against lead-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. The findings support the potential of Ag NPs combined with M. Oleifera as a novel therapeutic approach to reduce lead toxicity, demonstrating promising hepatorenal protective properties by regulating oxidative stress and inflammatory response.