Comparison of the reproduction and mortality of the Oryzaephilus surinamensis on three date cultivars (Khadrawy, Barhee, Bream) and testing the effectiveness of Cinnamomum cassia and Foeniculum vulgare as a bio-insecticide

Oryzaephilus Surinamensis is an important insect pest that infects many grains and dry fruits. Khadrawy, Bream, and Barhee are among the best Iraqi dates. The growth and reproduction of the Oryzaephilus Surinamensis differ according to the date type. Cinnamon and Foeniculum vulgare play an important role in the biological control of stored insects, as the powders of these plants contain various safe and effective ingredients. The present study was conducted to determine the growth density of the Oryzaephilus Surinamensis on three varieties of dates: Khadrawy, Bream, and Barhee, and to control this insect biologically using two types of spices: cinnamon and Foeniculum vulgare. The results of the study showed that the highest growth rate of the insect was on the Khadrawy (24.3), followed by Bream 19.9 and Barhee 6.9. Cinnamon cassia and Foeniculum vulgare powder recorded different mortality rates, Foeniculum vulgare powder was superior in being an insect killer at a concentration of 1, 3 and 6 gm with a mortality rate of 100% on Khadrawy and Barhee while 60, 70 and 90% on Bream at a concentration of 1, 3 and 6, While Cinnamon cassia powder at a concentration of 1,3 and 6 gm recorded a mortality rate of 100% on Barhee and 80, 90 and 90 on Khadrawy and 50, 60,70 on the Bream. The study recommended the need to experiment with other plant powders in the future to expand the scope of biological control that kills insects with safe and environmentally friendly alternatives.