Prevalence of Epilepsy Syndromes in Children with Epilepsy in Damietta Governorate According to the International League Against Epilepsy Classification and Definition of Epilepsy Syndromes

Background: Epilepsy syndromes in children vary in prevalence across regions. In Damietta Governorate, the classification by the International League Against Epilepsy helps identify and categorize these syndromes, providing insights into regional trends and healthcare needs. Aim: The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of epilepsy syndromes in children within Damietta Governorate, using the International League Against Epilepsy classification to provide a comprehensive understanding of regional epilepsy patterns. Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study included 376 children diagnosed with epilepsy based on the practical clinical definition of epilepsy by ILAE in Damietta at Al-Azhar University Hospital. Children were classified into epilepsy syndrome and none epilepsy syndrome based on standard clinical, neurophysiological and radiological criteria of each syndrome. Results: Epilepsy syndromes were present in 99 children with a prevalence of 26.3%. In this study, 26.1% of children with epilepsy were from urban areas, and 73.9% were from rural areas, with no significant difference in epilepsy syndromes (P=0.9). The mean gestational age was 37.9 weeks, with 67.8% delivered via cesarean section. Birth weight had no significant correlation with epilepsy syndromes (P=0.9). Family history and consanguinity showed no impact on epilepsy prevalence. Seizure types were mostly focal (77.7%), with no significant correlation with syndromes. Medications, including tiratam and depakin, were comparable between syndrome groups. Conclusion: This study highlights a 26.3% prevalence of epilepsy syndromes in children, emphasizing the need for early diagnosis, systematic evaluations, and equitable access to care