Bioinformatics analysis: A roadmap to an aggressiveness model for Oral Squamous cell carcinoma key differentiated genes

IntroductionBioinformatics is a cross-disciplinary research field that combines computer science with biological science. The most fundamental yet frequently most impactful application of bioinformatics analysis is identifying variations in gene expression across two or more circumstances in a process known as "differential expression”. Identification of genes involved in oral squamous cell carcinoma initiation, progression and metastasis is a crucial breakthrough aiming at implementing targeted gene therapy as a promising oral cancer therapeutic modality.ObjectivesTo identify key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to progression and aggressiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma using bioinformatics analysis.Material and Methods 1. In the current study differential gene expression analysis has been done between low stage tumor cases (n=73) and high stages tumor cases (n=226) using the (DEseq2) package in R 2. GO enrichment and KEGG enrichment analysis of the significant DEGs were done using DAVID online tool and Enrich R online tool. 3. Selected hub genes of the protein-protein interaction network were obtained using the CytoHubba plugin MCC Algorithm ResultsA total of 65 significant DEGs were detectedFunctional enrichment analysis of the significant DEGs showed that:• The most enriched biological processes term was keratinization and defense response to bacteria• The most enriched cellular component term was the extracellular space• The most enriched molecular function term was cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity,• The most enriched KEGG terms was Salivary secretion.ConclusionIn summary, hub genes discovered were the gene sequence of STATH, HTN3, HTN1, CST4, SMRB, LPO, BPIFA2.