Influence of 3D printing technology on reproducing cultural objects in the context of visually impaired people

The number of people with vision impairments is steadily increasing, emphasizing the need to prevent their exclusion from all spheres of public life, including cultural access.This research investigates the influence of 3D printing technologies on reproducing cultural objects to enhance accessibility for visually impaired individuals.The study focuses on evaluating various 3D printing methods (FDM, mSLA), print layer heights, and materials.Significant findings indicate that while mSLA is preferred for highly detailed objects, FDM suffices for simpler objects due to its cost-effectiveness and accessibility.Layer height and material choice, although impactful, are secondary to the overall tactile experience.Experimental materials showed varying degrees of effectiveness, with some failing to meet expectations.The obtained results, supplemented by findings from other studies conducted within the project, will inform the development of guidelines and best practices for adapting cultural exhibitions and museums to meet the needs of visually impaired individuals.3D printing can significantly improve accessibility to culture for visually impaired people through replicas, Braille description plates, mock-ups, and building plans.However, to genuinely enhance the situation for blind and vision impaired people, parallel actions in other areas are also necessary, e.g.qualified personnel, audio guides, mobile applications, building adaptations, and effective spatial organization.