Mitigating Corrosion in CO2 Pipelines: Transitioning from Carbon Steel to CRA Mechanically Lined Pipes for Enhanced Safety and Efficiency

Abstract The transportation of carbon dioxide (CO2) through a pipeline is a critical component of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) systems. CCUS is considered a cornerstone strategy in the global trend towards decarbonization. Carbon steel pipelines offer cost-effective solutions for low-risk corrosion environments. However, carbon steel pipes are prone to corrosion, stress cracking as well as hydrate formation. Additionally, the carbon steel pipes have limitations for impurities or working in high-risk corrosion environments. This paper explores the potential of corrosion-resistant alloy (CRA) mechanically lined pipelines as a robust alternative to the carbon steel pipe. CRA mechanically lined pipelines (MLP) have demonstrated their superior corrosion resistance over the last forty years. CRA mechanically lined pipelines are known for being operable in harsh environment and reliable in offshore environments and applications involving CO2 streams with impurities such as H2S, SO2, and water content. CRA-lined pipelines can handle more water in CO2 streams. Thus, reducing the need for energy-hungry dehydration units. This simplifies operations and supports sustainability by cutting energy use and emissions. A lifecycle cost analysis (LCCA) reveals that CRA-lined pipelines require higher upfront investments. However, they offer significant long-term benefits, which include lower maintenance costs due to fewer failures and improved reliability. The paper emphasizes the importance of transitioning to CRA-lined pipelines, which enhances the safety and sustainability in CCUS infrastructure. This involves prioritizing CRA-lined systems in high-risk environments to mitigate corrosion risks and extend pipeline lifespan. Additionally, optimizing dehydration processes is essential for reducing operational costs and improving energy efficiency. Implementing advanced monitoring technologies is also crucial, as they enable predictive maintenance and real-time leak detection. Furthermore, aligning pipeline operations with global decarbonization goals help to minimize emissions and environmental impacts. Adopting these strategies ensures reliable CO2 pipelines, accelerates CCUS deployment as well as supports a sustainable future.