Paraproteinemic polyneuropathies in patients with plasma cell neoplasms

The main plasma cell neoplasms characterized by the proliferation of clonal plasma cells producing monoclonal immunoglobulin include monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, multiple myeloma, AL amyloidosis, solitary plasmacytoma, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, primary cold agglutinin disease, heavy chain diseases, plasma cell leukemia, and some paraneoplastic syndromes. Under the influence of monoclonal immunoglobulin on axons or myelin sheath of neurons, a number of patients with plasma cell neoplasms develop paraproteinemic polyneuropathies. They are characterized by a slow course and similar clinical and instrumental manifestations, which complicates their diagnosis and differential diagnosis. This article systematizes the results of current studies devoted to the pathogenesis and clinical features of paraproteinemic polyneuropathies associated with various plasma cell neoplasms.