Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Shilajit Aqueous Extract on Clinically Isolated Bacteria in Kalar District, Iraq

Background: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria represent a significant danger to public health worldwide, complicating treatment strategies and contributing to high mortality rates. Among the prominent pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibit robust resistance profiles against multiple antibiotics, necessitating the exploration of alternative therapeutic options. Shilajit, a traditional medicinal substance originating from the Himalayas and other mountainous regions, has garnered attention for its diverse biological activities, including antimicrobial properties. Objectives: This study investigates the potential of Shilajit aqueous extract against clinically isolated MDR strains of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa from the Kalar District, Iraq. Methodology: Antibacterial efficacy was evaluated using disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA. All experiments were performed in triplicate, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Results demonstrated significant inhibition of S. aureus at concentrations above 25 mg/mL, while no activity was observed against P. aeruginosa. These findings underscore the potential of Shilajit as a natural resource for developing alternative therapies amidst the growing concern of antibiotic resistance. Conclusions: Shilajit's efficacy against S. aureus highlights its promise as a targeted treatment option, advocating for further exploration into its mechanisms and broader application in combating antibiotic-resistant infections. Recommendations: Preventive programs focusing on encouraging the use of Shilajit and similar natural products should be considered. Further research is recommended to explore the mechanisms of Shilajit's antibacterial activity and to evaluate its efficacy in clinical settings.