Vitamin E and Selenium Status as Antioxidants Biomarkers in Patients with Sickle Cell Anemia

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by elevation of oxidative stress (OS) and measuring the antioxidants biomarkers like vitamin E (VE), lipid profiles, uric acid (UA), selenium (Se), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) may help to improve patients’ outcomes and disease progression and disease progression. Objective: The current study aims to detect the role of OS in SCD and the protection effect of antioxidants. Methods: A case-control study was included three study groups; sickle cell anemia (SCA), sickle cell trait (SCT), and healthy controls (HC). Colorimetric, atomic absorption spectrophotometric, and enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) techniques were performed to assess the levels of VE, Se, SOD, UA, and lipid profile in the blood (serum and plasma). Results: Sickle cell disease and SCT subjects had statistically reduced SOD, VE, and Se levels than the HC, with no significant differences between SCD and SCT patients. When comparing SCD and SCT groups to HC, lipid profiles reflected higher concentrations of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). The antioxidant biomarkers (VE, Se, and SOD) and lipid profiles illustrate significant correlational inter-relationships among the study groups. Conclusions: When compared to HC, subjects with SCD and SCT had considerably lower levels of VE, Se, and SOD, speculating a higher OS. On the contrary, these patients had higher concentrations of TC, TG, and VLDL and lower concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The results verified that OS and dyslipidemia are common in SCD and SCT, emphasizing the utility need for lipid-lowering and antioxidant treatment determinants.