BREEDING AND GENETIC EVALUATION OF INTERNATIONAL WINTER WHEAT COLLECTION UNDER CONDITIONS OF WESTERN SIBERIA

Winter wheat is considered one of the sources of increased grain production according to higher yield and better use of bioclimatic resources in Western Siberia. The objective of this study was to breeding evaluate and identify genetically distinct genotypes among an international collection of winter bread wheat accessions for potential use as parents and for the development of high-yielding varieties resistant to adverse environmental factors. Materials and methods. The breeding evaluation of 96 accessions of winter wheat generated from different breeding programs was performed in 2022 and 2023, using generally accepted agronomy techniques. All 96 accessions were genotyped using 55 KASP markers developed in Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (Kazakhstan). Results. The accessions from Turkey had a longer growing period. The accessions from the USA were characterized by short stature (57.5 cm), more spikes on plants (2.42), and increased yield (271 g/m2). The samples from Russia and Bulgaria were distinguished by high levels of winter hardiness (66.7% and 69.9%, respectively). The average number of alleles was 2, and the effective number of alleles was 1.42. The analysis of the genotypic structure of the population determined the division of genotypes into 6 subclusters regardless of their origin. Shannon’s information index ranged from 0.058 to 0.693, with an average value of 0.40 and an expected heterozygosity of 0.25, which indicated a relatively high genetic diversity of the studied accessions. Conclusion. The results of this research can be successfully used in breeding to develop high-yielding winter wheat varieties, that are resistant to adverse environmental factors and have high grain quality. Acknowledgments. Field experiments were carried out with the support of the Russian Science Foundation (agreement No. 23-16-20006 dated April 20, 2023). EDN: LMBBIY