The influence of Nano Chitosan as Final Irrigation on Smear Layer Removal and Cleaning of Dentinal Tubules (In Vitro Study)

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of newly chitosan nanoparticles ‎‎(CNPs) irrigations and compare them with other golden standard irrigations in the removal ‎of smear layer. Materials and Methods: A total of Fifty-four single-straight rooted human ‎mandibular premolar teeth were obtained after being freshly extracted and utilized. All the ‎teeth were decoronated to leave a 12-mm root length. Each tooth was accessed and the root ‎canal was prepared using Pro-Taper universal rotary files to size F3. During instrumentation ‎and between each file, the canal was irrigated with 2 ml of 2.5% NaOCl followed by 5ml of ‎distilled water to flush it. Samples were distributed into six groups. Each group contained 9 ‎samples and received a final wash for 3 minutes. Subsequently, each sample was ‎longitudinally sectioned and observed under SEM. Finally, collected data was analyzed ‎statistically. Results: Statistically significant difference was found among the groups in ‎all three thirds (p<0.01) and no significant difference between 0.2% and 0.5% Nano ‎Chitosan (p>0.05). Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) were highly efficient as chelating ‎solutions apically, but equally effective in coronal and middle thirds to EDTA. The ‎efficiency of NaOCl at cervical and middle levels was superior to CNPs. 2% CHX and ‎distilled water had the least efficient on removing the smear layer at all levels. Conclusion: ‎Newly irrigation chitosan nanoparticles appear to be highly efficient in smear layer removal ‎as final washing. ‎