Prevalence of Multidrug and Extensive drug resistance of bacterial isolates from different clinical sources in Tikrit Teaching Hospital-Iraq

Background: The most prevalent hospital issues globally are multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensive drug resistant (XDR) pathogens. Objective: The study aimed to identify and profile various antibiotic-resistant isolates in Tikrit Teaching Hospital. Methodology: The study at Tikrit Teaching Hospital in Iraq involved collecting 197 samples from various clinical sources and incubating them in various culture media for growth and identification. Results: Of 197 samples obtained from different clinical sources, 177 were pathogen-infected isolates. Urine was the most common sample source (71.5%), with females collecting more samples than males (90.3%). Staphylococcus aureus had a higher frequency (52%), while other bacteria had lower frequencies such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Streptococcus spp, Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Proteus spp (26.6%, 7.3%, 12.5%, 1.1%, and 0.5%). The study assessed the susceptibility and resistance of common antimicrobial isolates, revealing a high resistance rate for all antibiotics, including Staphylococcus aureus (70.9%), Escherichia coli (77%), Klebsiella spp (79.8%), and Streptococcus spp (64.8%).The prevalence of MDR isolates was also high for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp and Streptococcus spp (61.9%, 68%, 77% and 54.5% ) and lower for XDR (6.5%,17%, 23% and 9%). The study showed no pan-drug resistance (PDR) isolates, but a higher MDR bacteria rate (65.3%) in the studied isolates, compared with lower rates in XDR (13.9%) and non-MDR isolates (20.8%). Conclusions: The finding indicate that pathogenic bacteria have developed resistance to 22 antimicrobial agents and spread of more MDR isolates than XDR and non-MDR isolates among isolated bacteria from Tikrit Teaching Hospital.