Evaluation of the effect of a VEGF inhibitor (aflibercept) on the body of a premature baby

Purpose. To evaluate the effect of intravitreal aflibercept on renal and hepatic function in preterm infants treated for retinopathy of prematurity. Material and methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted, which included 16 children treated with aflibercept since 2021 for retinopathy of prematurity. Ultrasound with Doppler was used to assess the condition of the kidneys and liver. The study was carried out on modern equipment using linear and convex sensors. Results. Most children (75–90%) did not show significant structural changes in the liver and kidneys. Average organ sizes and blood flow indices were within the age norm. The identified cases of pyelectasis and additional vessels correspond to the population frequency in premature infants and do not require correction of therapy. Pathological changes in the liver were absent in all examined children. Conclusions. The results of the study indicate the safety of aflibercept in the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity in terms of kidney and liver health. The changes identified correspond to the general health of premature infants and cannot be unambiguously associated with the use of the drug. Further studies with a larger sample and a longer observation period are needed to clarify the long-term effects of VEGF inhibitor therapy.