Fish Production Economics Under Semi-Intensive Aquaculture Systems in Kafr-Elshiekh Governorate

Aquaculture is a key solution to bridging the fish supply gap. Given its significance, this study focused on aquaculture farms in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, which is a leading region in Egypt in terms of total fish production. The governorate plays a particularly important role in Egypt’s aquaculture sector, especially from an economic standpoint. In the study area, polyculture earthen ponds operated under semi-intensive systems were primarily used to produce monocultures of tilapia. Statistical analysis, including the chi-square (χ²) test, was employed to assess the socio-economic characteristics of the producers. An analytical approach was also used to evaluate farm-level profitability. The study revealed a significant effect of employment on aquaculture participation (P< 0.001), with 55.4% of producers working exclusively in fish farming. Experience also had a significant impact (P< 0.05), with 47% of producers having more than 30 years of experience in the field. The Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) was calculated at 1.80 LE/kg. Total profit per feddan accounted for 44% of the overall return, while profit per ton represented 7%. Feed constituted the largest share of total costs at 62.5%. The Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was recorded at 1.23, indicating a growth rate deficiency, as fish size increased from an initial 10 to 275g by the end of the production cycle. These findings highlight the need for experts to develop alternative feed options that reduce operational costs while ensuring food safety. Additionally, a strategic approach to securing freshwater resources is necessary, particularly in light of declining fry quality and high mortality rates. The government should implement legislative measures to stabilize prices, enhance market infrastructure, and provide reliable marketing information to stakeholders. It is also essential to engage producers with relevant entities to strengthen extension services, training, and support, thereby ensuring the sustainability of the aquaculture sector. To maximize farm-level returns and contribute more significantly to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), intensive aquaculture systems should be adopted more widely across Egypt.