Profiling The Influence of Temperature Fluctuations and Dietary Phytobiotics on New Zealand Rabbit Performance, Haematological, Total Blood Profile, Immune Function and Expression Analysis for the Associated Genes

High temperature with a quick drop in temperature, and vice versa. Few studies have investigated how climate change affects rabbits over their lifetime. The phenomenon is observed globally during both the summer and winter seasons. The effects of lycopene on growth and carcass traits were examined. Final body weight was significantly increased using four treatments of lycopene with (2013.16±10.46), (2034.58±6.31), (2112±6.64) and (2152.75±19.11) grams of weight, respectively. Treatments A, B, C, and D increased carcass percentages by 57.98±0.38, 58.92±0.64, 60.27±0.34, and 61.88±0.65 percent, respectively, as lycopene concentrations increased by 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg in New Zealand rabbit growth under climate change conditions. Lycopene additives increased liver and plasma total antioxidant levels in groups A, B, C, and D. Using colorimetric method of liver and plasma, MDA levels increased significantly in Control b with 5.52 and 3.65 nmol/ml, respectively, compared to Control a with 0.94 and 1.40 nmol/ml. Under control b conditions, HSP90AA1, HSPA2, DNAJC3, SCN11A, NR3C1, HSF1, IGFBP1, and UCP2 showed high fold changes of 4.20, 3.92, 5.09, 2.11, 4.61, 2.74, and 2.67. Treatment with 200mg/kg showed lower fold change than Control b and slightly higher than Control a. The expression decreased to normal as lycopene was added to the rabbit's diet under climate change. With 200 mg/kg lycopene, cold tolerance genes, UCP1, ADRB2, CSDC2, and ADRB3, showed a decrease in fold change. Lycopene may improve New Zealand rabbit growth, haematological, total blood profile, immune function, thermo-cold, antimicrobial peptides, antioxidant, chemokines, and cytokines genes under recent Egyptian weather temperature fluctuations.