The Impact of Probiotics on Breeding Success, Growth Performance, and Disease Resistance of Carp, a Popular Fish group in Bangladesh

Carp culture in Bangladesh faces significant challenges such as environmental degradation and disease outbreaks due to intensive farming practices. Traditional remedies like antibiotics pose risks to aquatic and human health, necessitating sustainable alternatives. Probiotics have emerged as a vital solution in carp culture of Bangladesh, offering benefits such as enhanced growth, disease resistance, and improved health parameters for fish species like rui (Labeo rohita), catla (Catla catla), and mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala). However, challenges such as improper usage due to lack of technical knowledge and inadequate product labeling hinder optimal utilization of probiotics. Bacillus species, Lactobacillus species, Enterococcusspecies, Carnobacterium species, and the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, offer several benefits in carp culture. Future prospects include local strain development to tailor probiotics to specific needs, potentially enhancing sustainability and reducing reliance on imports. Despite promising benefits, ongoing research is needed to optimize probiotic application and deepen understanding of their mechanisms in fish health. This review highlights the pivotal role of probiotics in fostering sustainable and productive aquaculture practices in Bangladesh and beyond.