Frequency of Stroke in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Retrospective Study

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory disorder associated with several comorbidities, including cardiovascular diseases. Objective This study aims to assess the frequency of stroke in patients presenting with COPD, explore associated risk factors, and examine the clinical outcomes of stroke in this population. Methods This retrospective cohort study was conducted using medical records from a tertiary care hospital. A total of 375 patients diagnosed with COPD were included in the study. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, COPD severity (as defined by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria), comorbidities, stroke incidence (both ischemic and hemorrhagic), and related risk factors. Stroke severity and clinical outcomes, such as disability, hospitalization duration, and mortality, were also analyzed. Results The study found a significantly higher frequency of stroke in COPD patients compared to the general population. Stroke risk was particularly elevated in patients with advanced COPD, as well as those with comorbid hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes were more common in COPD patients, with hypoxia and systemic inflammation being potential contributing factors. Patients who suffered a stroke had poorer clinical outcomes, with higher rates of disability, extended hospital stays, and increased mortality, compared to stroke patients without COPD. Conclusions COPD patients are at an increased risk of stroke, and this risk is further exacerbated by comorbid cardiovascular conditions and advanced stages of COPD.