Large language model vs. traditional machine learning: Evaluating predictive models for early detection of tumor relapse

In this study, we evaluate the effectiveness of foundational artificial intelligence (AI) models, particularly large language models (LLMs), in comparison to traditional machine learning methods for predicting tumor relapse in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). With a high recurrence risk in NSCLC, early and accurate prediction is essential for improving patient outcomes and guiding treatment decisions. Our analysis utilizes a dataset of 1,348 patients, examining the performance of traditional machine learning models such as Random Forest, alongside cutting-edge LLMs like Mistral-7B, LLaMA-7B, Falcon-7B, and GPT-based models. While the Random Forest model slightly outperforms Mistral-7B in precision–recall for relapse prediction, the comparable results suggest that both approaches offer valuable insights for early relapse detection. This study underscores the potential of integrating classical machine learning with foundational AI models to enhance predictive accuracy in cancer prognosis, providing pathways for more personalized medical interventions. • Study contrasts AI and traditional methods for NSCLC relapse prediction. • Early, accurate predictions are crucial for NSCLC patient care. • Analysis includes 1,348 NSCLC patient data points. • Random Forest edges out Mistral-7B in precision–recall. • Both models show potential for early detection of lung cancer recurrence.