An ineffective “Big Brother”: Israeli COVID-19 technological tracing strategy

Purpose This study examines Israel’s unique use of the General Security Service (GSS) for COVID-19 contact tracing, analyzing its effectiveness and implications for public health and civil liberties. Design/methodology/approach Using a case study framework, the research evaluates Israel’s dual approach: the compulsory GSS “Tool” and the voluntary HAMAGEN app. A comprehensive matrix is introduced to assess legal, democratic, socio-economic and epidemiological factors. Findings The study reveals that the GSS geo-tracking proved ineffective in curbing COVID-19, leading to privacy infringements, public distrust, economic harm from false quarantines and limited epidemiological benefits. Social implications This interdisciplinary analysis highlights key lessons for global crisis policies, advocating for proportionality, transparency, judicial oversight and minimally invasive technologies. The findings serve as a cautionary tale, illustrating the risks of surveillance-driven health interventions. Originality/value As the only democracy to deploy its secret service for pandemic management, Israel offers a critical case study. This interdisciplinary analysis highlights key lessons for global crisis policies, advocating for proportionality, transparency, judicial oversight and minimally invasive technologies. The findings serve as a cautionary tale, illustrating the risks of surveillance-driven health interventions.