Innovation and Practice Exploration of Middle School Physical Education Teaching Methods from the Perspective of Core Literacy

Under the educational reform background of "cultivating students' core literacy", physical education teaching in middle schools is transforming from the imparting of single skills to "all-round development". Based on the three core competencies of motor ability, healthy behavior and social adaptation proposed in the "Compulsory Education Physical Education and Health Curriculum Standards (2022 Edition)", this article analyzes the limitations of traditional teaching methods in the cultivation of competencies, and systematically constructs innovative strategies such as the integration of "learning, practice, competition and application", contextualized task-driven and differentiated competency development. Explore the paradigm shift of physical education from "knowledge-based" to "competency-based" through the reform of teaching methods. The research suggests that teaching innovation oriented towards core literacy should focus on problem-solving in real situations, strengthen students' active participation in transfer and application, and provide practical paths for cultivating new era individuals with lifelong motor skills and sound personalities.