Personalized approaches to oral health and disease management

Precision medicine has revolutionized oral health and disease management by enabling tailored treatment approaches based on individual genetic, molecular, and microbiome profiles. Advances in genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have contributed to the development of personalized diagnostics and targeted therapies. EGFR inhibitors, PI3K/mTOR pathway modulators, and PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors have significantly improved patient outcomes in oral cancer treatment. Additionally, microbiome-based approaches have provided new insights into disease susceptibility and therapeutic responses in conditions such as periodontitis and dental caries. Regenerative medicine, incorporating platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), has enhanced tissue healing and repair in dental procedures. However, ethical concerns, cost barriers, and data privacy issues must be addressed to facilitate the widespread adoption of precision dentistry. Future research should focus on refining immunotherapy applications, expanding microbiome-targeted treatments, and improving computational modeling for personalized care. By leveraging technological advancements and interdisciplinary approaches, precision dentistry continues to redefine patient care, improving diagnostic accuracy, therapeutic efficacy, and overall oral health outcomes.