Evaluation of Diagnostic Tests and Antimicrobial Sensitivity of Brucella Melitensis Isolated from Awassi Ewes in Iraq

This study investigates the prevalence and characteristics of Brucella melitensis in unvaccinated Awassi ewes in Iraq. Brucellosis, a zoonotic disease, poses significant challenges in endemic regions due to inadequate vaccination and veterinary knowledge. The research involved serological testing (RBPT, SAT, and MRT) and bacteriological identification on blood and milk samples from 456 ewes, with 452 being clinically healthy and 4 having aborted. Serological tests revealed 30 positive RBPT/SAT results, with varying titers, indicating potential infections. Brucella spp. was isolated from 6 milk samples and a vaginal discharge sample. Biochemical tests identified all isolates as Brucella melitensis biotype 3. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed sensitivity to Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol, Carbenicillin, and Ampicillin, but varying sensitivity to Cephalothin, Tetracycline, Streptomycin, Kanamycin, and Penicillin, and resistance to Colistin. The study highlights the necessity for local antimicrobial resistance data to inform effective treatment and control strategies, using a One Health approach. The findings suggest integrating serological and bacteriological diagnostics for updated brucellosis management guidelines.