Comments on the systematics and morphology of <Smithophis bicolor> (Blyth, 1855) (Reptilia: Squamata: Natricidae) based on topotypical specimens from Meghalaya, India

The Natricid Snake Smithophis bicolor has been poorly studied and understood since its initial description in the mid-1800s. This study presents a detailed morphological description of S. bicolor based on five examined specimens including a freshly collected mutilated specimen from Meghalaya State, India. For the first time, genetic data has been obtained and analysed, providing novel insights into the species’ phylogenetic position within its genus Smithophis. Morphological comparisons and molecular analyses using cytochrome b mitochondrial gene reveal subtle variations that contribute to a clearer understanding of the species’ taxonomic identity. This study allows us to conclude that currently S. bicolor is restricted to the higher elevations of Meghalaya indicating that literature records mentioning the presence of this species from Mizoram actually represents a distinct, new unnamed lineage.