Utilization of Natural Ventilation Strategies for Improving Thermal Comfort and Energy Efficiency in Low-Cost Housing in Lagos State, Nigeria

Natural ventilation plays a crucial role in enhancing thermal comfort and reducing energy consumption in low-cost housing. This study investigates the effectiveness of natural ventilation strategies in Ajegunle, Lagos State, focusing on building orientation, window configuration, and structural permeability. A quantitative research approach was adopted, utilizing a structured questionnaire administered to 150 randomly selected respondents. Data analysis, conducted using descriptive statistics and regression analysis, revealed a negative correlation (r = -0.62) between natural ventilation efficiency and reliance on mechanical cooling systems. The study found that 73% of respondents in well-ventilated homes used fans and air conditioners less frequently, whereas 81% in poorly ventilated homes depended on these appliances daily. Additionally, factors such as financial constraints (64%), landlord unwillingness (58%), and security concerns (46%) were identified as barriers to implementing effective passive cooling solutions. Despite these challenges, the study underscores the potential of natural ventilation in improving living conditions in low-cost housing. The findings offer valuable insights for architects, urban planners, and policymakers, emphasizing the need for design innovations and policy support to enhance passive cooling strategies in affordable housing developments. Future research should explore advanced passive cooling techniques and their long-term impacts on energy efficiency and occupant well-being.