Observation of generalized <i>t-J</i> spin dynamics with tunable dipolar interactions

Long-range and anisotropic dipolar interactions profoundly modify the dynamics of particles hopping in a periodic lattice potential. We report the realization of a generalized <i>t-J</i> model with dipolar interactions using a system of ultracold fermionic molecules with spin encoded in the two lowest rotational states. We independently tuned the dipolar Ising and spin-exchange couplings and the molecular motion and studied their interplay on coherent spin dynamics. Using Ramsey spectroscopy, we observed and modeled interaction-driven contrast decay that depends strongly both on the strength of the anisotropy between Ising and spin-exchange couplings and on motion. This study paves the way for future exploration of kinetic spin dynamics and quantum magnetism with highly tunable molecular platforms in regimes that are challenging for existing numerical and analytical methods.

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Publication Details

Journal
Science
Published
2025-04-24
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adq0911
Citations
22
Primary Topic
Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
27.43
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article

Observation of generalized t-J spin dynamics with tunable dipolar interactions

David Wellnitz, Henrik Hirzler, Krzysztof P. Zamarski, Sean R. Muleady et al.
22 citations
Science
Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
27.43
article

Observation of generalized t-J spin dynamics with tunable dipolar interactions

David Wellnitz, Henrik Hirzler, Krzysztof P. Zamarski, Sean R. Muleady, Annette N. Carroll, Calder Miller, John L. Bohn, Reuben R. W. Wang, Ana María Rey, Junyu Lin, Jun Ye
article en
22 citations

Abstract

Long-range and anisotropic dipolar interactions profoundly modify the dynamics of particles hopping in a periodic lattice potential. We report the realization of a generalized <i>t-J</i> model with dipolar interactions using a system of ultracold fermionic molecules with spin encoded in the two lowest rotational states. We independently tuned the dipolar Ising and spin-exchange couplings and the molecular motion and studied their interplay on coherent spin dynamics. Using Ramsey spectroscopy, we observed and modeled interaction-driven contrast decay that depends strongly both on the strength of the anisotropy between Ising and spin-exchange couplings and on motion. This study paves the way for future exploration of kinetic spin dynamics and quantum magnetism with highly tunable molecular platforms in regimes that are challenging for existing numerical and analytical methods.

ScienceVol. 388(6745)
National Institute of Standards and Technology (US), University of Colorado Boulder (US), Universität Innsbruck (AT), Joint Quantum Institute (US), University of Maryland, College Park (US)
Openalex Percentile: Top 0%
Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
27.43
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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Observation of generalized <i>t-J</i> spin dynamics with tunable dipolar interactions — David Wellnitz, Henrik Hirzler, et al. · Science (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS