Exploring the Structures of Water Resource Management in Ancient India: A Geographical Perspective

Water scarcity is emerging as one of the most damaging issues of our time that can no longer be ignored. Inadequate availability of water restricts life, threatening the stability of fundamental fields, including public health, development, food security, sustainability, and sanitation. Addressing this crisis is essential for sustainable development and ensuring clean drinking water for future generations. India has an age-old tradition of water management systems from more than 5000 years. These practices were designed to promote the sustainable use of water resources and maintain a delicate balance between water availability and demand. These traditional practices, which were developed with an emphasis on minimizing environmental impacts and preserving natural resources have recently attracted renewed attention due to the growing global awareness of sustainability. These practices have their roots in the sustainability principles that were ingrained in ancient India. Efficient water management practices like rainwater harvesting, conservation, and recharge should be adopted to reduce water waste and increase availability. The ancient Indian literature contains numerous references to hydrology, and a reading of it suggests that those people knew the basic concepts of hydrological processes and measurements. This study aims to explore the ancient water resources management practices and geographically appropriate techniques adopted to conserve, revive and expand this old wisdom for the benefit of all.