Ecology, propagation and traditional medicinal uses of woody plant species within the Apocynaceae

Forest cover is being lost quickly in Ghana due to illegal mining, shifting cultivation and construction activities despite the ecosystem services, food, medicine and timber that forests provide. This review examined the ecology, propagation and traditional medicinal uses of woody plant species within the Apocynaceae based on information and data from textbooks and databases. Sixty-nine plant species were identified, of which 46 (approximately 67 %) were of medicinal importance. There were ambiguities in describing their life form. The predominant life form (approximately 33 %) was liana. There was scanty information on the species' phenology, propagation and conservation status. Ethnomedicinal uses of plants play a pivotal role in traditional medicine systems across the globe. These practices usually involve using plants and plant-derived substances to treat different health conditions. The ethnomedicinal uses covered acute, chronic, reproductive health conditions and brain disorders. Significant gaps exist in the ecology and conservation status of the species of this family, especially concerning lianas. Investigating the species' growth conditions, phenology, propagation and productivity is crucial to aid in their conservation efforts. By understanding these factors correctly, researchers will develop strategies to protect and promote the species' health and population. This will play a significant role in creating conservation plans, managing habitats and ensuring the sustainability of the species.