AN OVERVIEW OF SUBNANOSTRUCTURED METALLIC SYSTEMS

This review accounts for the novel and evolving sub-nanostructures (SNS) synthesis methods. These methods involve the formation of metal atom clusters in sub-nanometer dimensions and their exceptional significance in diverse scientific and technological domains. Our study delves explicitly into three key SNS synthesis methods: the gaseous aggregation technique, thiolate protection, and ion exchange in zeolites. These innovative approaches have revolutionized the creation and manipulation of SNS, enabling their characterization at the atomic and molecular levels. The review also underscores the pivotal role of mass spectroscopy and electron microscopy techniques in exploring SNS optical and structural properties and their environment. This study addresses different applications of SNS by taking advantage of their unique and tunable properties. It discusses the potential of personalized medicine, early disease detection, and environmental monitoring. Finally, we address a clear vision of the potential of SNS. It encourages their development and application in various scientific and technological fields, opening new avenues for research and innovation in sub-nanotechnology and related disciplines.