Microdissection testicular sperm extraction in male partner with non‐obstructive azoospermia: Fresh or frozen–thawed sperm for intracytoplasmic sperm injection?

In cases where frozen sperm obtained by micro-TESE are used, even if viable and motile sperm are found after thawing, there may be a negative impact on the ICSI result. Fresh testicular spermatozoa appear to result in better clinical pregnancy and live birth rates than cryopreserved testicular spermatozoa in males with NOA.