Climate Change’s Impact on Honeybee Distribution and Population, Habitats, Bioproducts, and Pest Threats as Protective of SDGs

Bees are essential to human life and ecosystems, significantly contributing to medicine, economics, and environmental equilibrium. Bees serve an essential function as pollinators, facilitating the cultivation of various fruits and vegetables. Bees contribute approximately 117 billion US dollars annually to the economy through their role in crop pollination. They have a direct impact on 35% of agricultural crops and 84% of cultivated plants. Bee products, including honey, propolis, and royal jelly, have been utilized in various traditional medicine practices across numerous countries. These substances have been utilized for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. In addition to their economic, ecological, and medical significance, they serve as bioindicators for assessing the health of ecological systems by monitoring distribution and population dynamics. This offers important insights into the current situation, especially regarding the substantial impacts of climate change on the environment. This article seeks to synthesize data from various studies to examine the impact of climate change on bee populations and their habitats. This study illustrates the significant effects of future climate models for 2050 and 2070 on bee distribution, resulting in the decline of specific species populations.