Cartesian Dualism: Bridging Descartes’ Mind-Body Dichotomy to Contemporary Psychology and Mental Health

René Descartes’ Cartesian dualism, which separates the mind (res cogitans) and body (res extensa) into two distinct substances, has been a foundational concept in Western philosophy. This dualistic framework has significantly influenced the development of modern psychology and approaches to mental health. However, as contemporary psychology shifts towards more integrative and biopsychosocial models, questions arise regarding the continued relevance of Descartes’ dichotomy. This study explores the philosophical underpinnings of Cartesian dualism and critically examines its influence on the historical and current understanding of mental processes and disorders. By analyzing key developments in psychological theory and mental health practice, the research investigates how Cartesian thinking persists in certain models and is rejected or reinterpreted in others. Additionally, the study evaluates the practical consequences of maintaining a dualistic mindset in therapeutic settings, particularly in cases where psychological and physiological symptoms intersect. The research proposes a framework that bridges classical philosophical insights with contemporary scientific understanding, aiming to promote a more holistic view of the human person in mental health discourse. Ultimately, this study contributes to the ongoing dialogue between philosophy and psychology, advocating for an approach that honors both the distinctiveness and interdependence of mind and body.