Factor V Leiden and MTHFR C677 T polymorphisms and inflammation markers in diabetic retinopathy patients

Abstract Background Diabetic retinopathy is a common microangiopathy observed in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the potential correlation between Factor V Leiden mutation, MTHFR C677T polymorphism, and the ratios of circulating lymphocytes, myeloid cells, and platelets in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Results A total of 200, including 100 subjects with diabetic retinopathies and 100 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) participated in the study. Tetra-primer ARMS-PCR was used to analyze the FVL mutation and MTHFR C677T SNPs. The ratios of neutrophils to lymphocytes, platelets to lymphocytes, and monocytes to lymphocytes have been calculated to determine the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), respectively. The FVL variations and the wild type demonstrated significant differences in the NLR (1.78 ± 1.55 vs. 3.35 ± 1.51, P = 0.02) and MLR (0.20 ± 0.007 vs. 0.32 ± 0.17, P = 0.02). The univariate analysis revealed significant statistical differences in fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels between individuals with FVL variants (GA and AA) compared to those with the wild type ( P = 0.03). Statistically significant differences were found in the NLR (1.78 ± 1.55 vs. 3.35 ± 1.51, P = 0.02) and MLR (0.20 ± 0.007 vs. 0.32 ± 0.17, P = 0.02) between the FVL variants and the wild type. Conclusions Evaluating inflammatory markers may be beneficial as part of follow-up assessments for patients with type 2 diabetes. This study suggests that identifying these genetic factors and their association with inflammation could enhance diabetic retinopathy screening techniques and contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.