THE USE OF ENGLISH ARTICLES AND THEIR TRANSLATION INTO KYRGYZ AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

This study examines the challenges of translating English articles (the and a/an) into Kyrgyz and Russian, where this grammatical category is absent. The methodology uses comparative text analysis and a corpus-based approach with parallel translation corpora. Articles in English serve referential, identification, and quantitative functions. Typological differences between agglutinative Kyrgyz and inflectional Russian are analyzed for compensatory mechanisms in expressing definiteness/indefiniteness. Attention is paid to the influence of context and communicative intentions on translation choices. The analysis emphasizes the need to systematize the functional-pragmatic correspondences of articles to develop translation algorithms and improve strategies for academic and professional English practice.