Roman pottery production in the coast of Granada (Spain) in the early Late Antiquity: a scientific analysis of ceramics from the kiln site of Los Matagallares

Abstract The kiln site of Los Matagallares (Salobreña, Granada, Spain) is one of the most important pottery production sites of the Roman period in southern Iberia, particularly for the third century AD. The workshop produced a wide variety of ceramics, but focused on the manufacture of amphorae for the long-distance trade of local/regional fish products, wine, and other foodstuffs, and thus played an important role in the economy of Roman Baetica during the transition to the Late Roman Empire. A combined petrographic, mineralogical, and elemental analysis of amphorae and other ceramics from the site, using a multi-technique approach (thin-section petrography, X-ray diffraction and wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence), allowed for compositional characterisation of materials from this workshop, as well as for gaining new insights into technological aspects of pottery production at the site. The characterisation of ceramics from Los Matagallares enabled us to identify a similar amphora in a consumption context in the Catalan coastal city of Mataró. More generally, the characterisation of ceramics from this prolific kiln site will be an invaluable tool for future studies, as it will allow for the identification of similar products in consumption contexts all over the Roman world, and will aid towards a better understanding of the trade connections between production areas and consumption sites in Antiquity.