Rural to urban transition of risk factors propensity for cardiovascular disease in Jharkhand, India

Background: Risk factor evaluation for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an important part of reducing the heavy burden of CVD. This research demonstrates the spatial differences in the incidence of CVD risk factors in rural and urban areas of Jharkhand, India. Methods: A cross-sectional survey-based epidemiological study was conducted using a structured questionnaire formulated on ICMR guidelines, which mainly compared CVD risk factors of rural and urban populations in Jharkhand.Results: Obesity and hypertension affect 41.46% and 31.95% of the population in Jharkhand, respectively. Obesity and hypertension were roughly four and two times more prevalent in cities than in rural areas. Urban areas have a greater frequency of prediabetes (23.54%) than rural areas (16.12%). Multiple logistic regression analysis (MLRA) revealed a significant (9-fold) increase in obesity risk and high mean arterial pressure (MAP) values for urban versus rural people. The MLRA of all CVD risk factor variables revealed that those who were drinkers or daily smokers had an almost twofold higher probability of developing hypertension or obesity. Overall, persons above 40 years of age demonstrated a 3-4-fold propensity to develop obesity, prediabetes, or diabetes than those below 40 years of age. Conclusion: Among the aggregate 41.46% of obese and 31.95% hypertensive people in Jharkhand, MLR analysis revealed that urban individuals were 9 and 8 times more likely than rural individuals to develop obesity and hypertension, respectively. Research with a larger sample size will back up our claim and aid in disease burden management across regions.