Spontaneous accessory renal artery aneurysm rupture as a first presentation of polyarteritis nodosa: a case report and review of literature

Even though vascular aneurysms in PAN have a long history, they are more often linked to gradual development rather than to catastrophic events. Acute rupture resulting in hemorrhagic shock is rarely the initial sign of PAN. Rare reports of renal artery rupture in PAN highlight the significance of having a high level of clinical suspicion in young patients with unexplained vascular events. Early diagnosis and rapid management, including immunosuppressive therapy and plasmapheresis, are crucial in preventing severe outcomes. Despite a poor prognosis associated with severe disease features, careful management can stabilize the patient, although long-term follow-up remains essential.