On the path to personalized cardiology: prospects of precise assessment of cardiovascular risks and predictive-prognostic diagnostics

Cardiovascular diseases are among the top six «civilization» diseases worldwide. Therefore, evaluation of individual cardiovascular risk is crucial for timely prevention and effective personalized management before clinical manifestation. In the past, numerous risk indicators were developed for this purpose. However, their overall accuracy often remains insufficient as they fail to consider individual genomic landscape, combinatorial indicators for each patient and individuals within the risk group, as well as genomic, phenotypic and exposomal factors. This review explores contemporary methods for assessing cardiovascular risk before clinical manifestation using precise medicine tools. It also delves into prospective paths of future pharmacotherapy.