Stakeholder engagement and participation in environmental contexts, social responsibility and society based on a study conducted in Rome, Italy

The present study is to unveil the concept of stakeholder engagement and participation in CSR, the environment, and society from the realist’s point of view based on a quantitative method. A poll was conducted and carried out among both the organization and the public to capture the connection between CSR, the way it’s been applied, and the realist’s view, as mentioned. The acquired data is quantified and then subjected to statistical testing and verification of the underlying assumptions and hypotheses. As seen from the p-value (> 0.05), implying the assumption of the composite relationship existing and connecting the realist, donations, and social responsibility roles, the realist view is in congruence and connection with the stakeholder’s theory and expectations. The realist view can enhance CSR activities as justified by the results and statistical testing and also based on the verification of the underlying assumptions and hypothesis formulations, providing a better picture, scope, and perspective beyond just donor contributions. These establish and corroborate the fact that organizations can pursue CSR more zealously with integrity and passion to promote and step up activities that impact positively on environmental sustainability, climate change, environmental protection, and sustainable development.