Developing Interview Guide in Qualitative Research: Problems and Solutions from a Needs Analysis Doctoral Study

This study underscores the critical role of pilot studies in qualitative needs analysis research, particularly in informing the design of effective interview guides for complex and diverse research settings. Using the three-stage interview guide development framework proposed by Naz et al. (2022), the pilot study engaged a heterogeneous group of stakeholders in business English education—including students, teachers, alumni, and employers—through both face-to-face and online interviews. The study aimed to identify potential methodological and logistical challenges that could hinder the main investigation. The findings highlighted key issues such as interviewer bias, insufficient depth of information, and the logistical difficulties of coordinating with participants across different geographical locations. In response, several strategies were adopted to enhance the quality and reliability of the main study. These include minimizing bias, clarifying interview objectives, adopting flexible and inclusive communication approaches, and leveraging technological tools to facilitate participation. By addressing these challenges, the study contributes valuable insights into the iterative process of developing robust interview protocols and emphasizes the importance of pilot studies in refining qualitative data collection methods in multilingual and multi-stakeholder research environments.