Research Trends and Future Perspectives on Epigenetic Regulation of Food-derived Components for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases

Unlike genes with irreversible characteristics, epigenetics is emerging as a new target in personalized food and nutrition that aims to maintain health and prevent diseases by improving environmental factors, such as eating habits, because of its reversible characteristic.In particular, the epigenome is becoming an increasingly important target because it can be influenced by environmental factors of parents and passed on to offspring.Therefore, this study examined the effects of various foods, nutrients, and natural bioactive compounds on chronic diseases and how they affect epigenetic regulation targets such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA.Food-derived extracts and bioactive compounds include polyphenols, organosulfur compounds, glucosinolate-derived metabolites, isoflavones, alkaloids, essential amino acids, bioactive peptides, vitamins, micronutrients, milk-derived extracellular vesicles, and microbial metabolites.These food-derived extracts and bioactive compounds are effective against various types of cancer, obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, Moreover, this is achieved through various epigenetic regulation such as DNA methylation, histone acetyltranferase, histone deacetylases, miRNA, and long non-coding RNA.These food-derived major ingredients are potential ingredients for developing personalized foods based on epigenetic regulation.In addition, these ingredients can potentially maintain health across generations.