Finite element analysis of coronary stent deployment and evaluation of deployment characteristics according to plaque properties and geometries

• Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to evaluate stent deployment behavior. • Plaque material properties, stenosis area, and eccentricity significantly affected stent-induced stress and displacement. • Radial recoil (RR) and dog-boning (DB) were strongly influenced by plaque stiffness and shape. • Eccentric plaques caused stress concentration in the eccentric direction, while elliptical lumens exhibited stress concentration along their long axis. • Findings provide insights for optimizing stent deployment strategies in clinical practice. This study evaluates the influence of plaque material properties and vascular geometry on stent deployment using idealized nonlinear finite element simulations. Simplified arterial models were employed to isolate the effects of key parameters—plaque type (calcified vs. cellular), cross-sectional shape (circular vs. elliptical), eccentricity (0 % vs. 80 %), and stenosis area (50 % vs. 70 %). Key outcomes were assessed using metrics such as lumen diameter, von Mises stress, radial recoil, and dog-boning effect. Calcified plaques resulted in smaller post-deployment lumen diameters (e.g., 2.23–2.28 mm vs. 2.50–2.66 mm for cellular plaques under 70 % stenosis). Stress concentrations were more prominent in eccentric and elliptical geometries, with over 10 % of plaque volume exceeding 700 kPa in several high-risk cases—indicating potential rupture-prone regions. These findings offer predictive insights into mechanical complications during stent deployment and may help clinicians anticipate procedural risks in complex coronary lesions. The proposed simulation framework also provides a foundation for future patient-specific analyses aimed at optimizing stenting strategies and improving clinical outcomes.